Vegetable Oil is Fascinating

 Coconut Meal Coconut meal is side product from press process of coconut ( Cocos nucifera ). Coconut is showed below. Coconut meal is applied as feed for ruments and livestock. Coconut meal is analyzed through many parameter such as 1. Moisture and volatile matter Sample is grinded and sifted. The tiny sized is weighed about 5 g in petri dish. Sample is put in oven for 3 hours on 103 C. Sample is dried on oven to eliminate water and volatile content. It is applied gravimetry principle. 2. Ash Sample is steamed in furnace on temperature 600 C for 3 hours. The residue of parameter is inorganic. This parameter is same with moisture and volatile matter principle. 3. Fibre  Sample is firstly extracted with organic solvent to vanish organic content of sample. This method uses soxhlet apparatus. Sample is analyzed through delignification process, where biomass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is reduced. Delignification process utilizes alkali solution like NaOH 1.25% and...

  Parameters are analyzed on Crude Glycerin   Crude glycerin is side product of transesterification triglycerides with alcohol. Crude glycerin is purified in order to generate glycerol.  The illustration of crude glycerin and refined glycerin is showed below.  Before purifying crude glycerin, it should be analyzed with many parameter such as moisture, glycerol content, alcohol content, ash, mong, salt, and pH. Moisture can be determined with Karl Fischer Method. According to Jeffery et al 1989, Karl Fisher method utilizes sulfur dioxide and iodine blended with anhydrous pyridine and methanol as reagent. Both this reagent will react with water to give C 5 H 5 NH(OSO 2 OCH 3 ). The reaction is illustrated below. The principle of parameter is voltammetry titration. It can be proven since platinium cathode immersed in mixture is flown during iodine is on the mixture.   Glycerol content is carried out by iodo-iodometry titration due to existing sodium metaper...

Peroxide Value and Anisidine Value Edible oil can be oxidized due to temperature and time. It generates radical substance and rancid odour. Hence oil is unable to be consumed. Peroxide Value is considered miliequivalent oxygen each kilogram sampel. The greater number of peroxide value, the more rancidity oil will become. Here's why peroxide value should be lower so that oil can be consumed.  Peroxide value method is conducted through these steps. Sample is dissolved with solvent 30 mL (acetic acid and iso octane 3:2). Sample is added 0,5 mL KI saturated. It's carried out so that oxidative substance make bond with iodine. The mixture is added with 30 mL water in order that to stop reaction. The mixture is added with starch indicator. It produces dark purple. The mixture is titrated with sodium thiosulphate 0,01 M. The white mixture is produced. The principle of this method is iodometry titration (AOCS Cd 8b-90). Besides peroxide value, anisidine value is also parameter to deter...

  Differences Unsaponificafion matter with AOCS methods and ISO method   Unsaponification means compounds that are unable to react saponification reaction such as hydrocarbon, chromophor compound like beta-carotene and chlorophyl, and polyaromatic. Faty acid, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides in oil will be produced soap if oil is added with base solution in steam condition. Parameter unsaponification matter applies potassium hydroxide as base solution in order to generate soap. Ultilization sodium hydroxide less use since it will be precipitate however potassium hydroxide is more radically than sodium hdroxide. That’s why potassium hydroxide is more applicable than sodium hydroxide. The mixture after saponification will be extracted with non polar solvent like n-hexane or petroleum benzene in separating funnel. The image will shown below. It is conducted to seprate soap (bottom layer) and organic phase. Organic phase will be dissolved with organic solv...

ACID-BASE TITRATION IN VEGETABLE OIL SAMPLE Gupta (2017) Vegetable oil is oil consisted free faty acid, triglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, poly aromatic hydrocarbon, colour compound such as chlorophyll which given green colour and β -carotene which given red colour with trace metal. Free fatty acid can be analyzed through titration acid – base. Analysis of free fatty acid is conducted by dissolving oil with neutral ethanol 96% and steaming rapidly into enhance solubility oil into alcohol. The mixture is added phenolphthalein indicator 1% with 1-2 droplets until pink colour is appearing. The mixture is titrated with base solution. Base solution usually apply is standardized sodium hydroxide. The formula of determination of free fatty acid and acid value is described below Changing colour of sample before and after adding alkali solution Where [NaOH] is sodium hydrozide concentration had been standardized according to AOCS H 12-52 , V NaOH is sodium hydrox...